Limits and Possibilities: Understanding and Conveying Two-Eyed Seeing Through Conventional Academic Practices

Authors

  • Sophie Isabelle Grace Roher University of Toronto https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0630-1245
  • Ziwa Yu Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): JBI Centre of Excellence, School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
  • Anita Benoit Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Women‘s College Research Institute-Women‘s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  • Debbie Martin Health Promotion Division, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15273/hpj.v2i2.11295

Keywords:

Two-Eyed Seeing, Theory development, research design, well-being, Canada, Qualitative Methods, Reflexivity

Abstract

This article offers conceptual and theoretical insights that we gained in a scoping review project to understand the Mi‘kmaw guiding principle Two-Eyed Seeing/Etuaptmumk. Reflecting on the experiences and outcomes of the scoping review project, we explore the following questions: (a) To what extent can we rely only on written works and the English language to understand Two-Eyed Seeing? (b) How do academia‘s conventional ways of thinking and sharing knowledge shape our abilities to understand and convey Two-Eyed Seeing to others? (c) What strategies can academics draw upon to better understand Two-Eyed Seeing? Ultimately, we contend that, to develop a richer and more nuanced understanding of Two-Eyed Seeing, we need to move beyond academic conventions and engage with a multiplicity of knowledge systems, approaches, and methods, including dialogical, visual, and experiential practices.

References

Bartlett, C. (2012, November 8). Two Eyed Seeing [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_CY-iGduw5c

Bartlett, C., Marshall, M., Marshall, A., & Iwama, M. (2012). Integrative science and Two-Eyed Seeing: Enriching the discussion framework for healthy communities (Authors‘ revised final draft). Institute for Integrative Science and Health. http://www.integrativescience.ca/uplo ads/articles/2012-Bartlett-Marshall-Iwama-Integrative-Science-Two-Eyed-Seeing-enriching-discussion-framework(authors-draft).pdf

Cajete, G. A. (2017). Children, myth and storytelling: An Indigenous perspective. Global Studies of Childhood, 7(2), 113–130. https://doi.org/10.1177/2043610617703832

Fontaine, L. S., Wood, S., Forbes, L., & Schultz, A. S. H. (2019). Listening to First Nations women‘ expressions of heart health: Mite achimowin digital storytelling study. International Journal of Circumpolar Health, 78(1), Article 1630233. https://doi.org/10.1080/22423982.2019.1630233

Gough, M. (2011). Indigenous Storywork: Educating the Heart, Mind, Body, and Spirit. Oral History Review, 38(2), 382–385. https://doi.org/10.1093/ohr/ohr081

Humber College. (2020, February 20). Etuaptmumk Two-Eyed Seeing with Albert Marshall [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJcjf1nUckc

Iwama, M., Marshall, M., Marshall, A., & Bartlett, C. (2009). Two-Eyed Seeing and the language of healing in community-based research. Canadian Journal of Native Education, 32(2), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.14288/cjne.v32i2.196493

King, T. (2003). The truth about stories: A Native narrative. House of Anansi Press.

Marshall, A. (2018, May 29). Learning together by learning to listen to each other. EdCan Network. https://www.edcan.ca/articles/learnin g-together-learning-listen/

Marshall, A., & Bartlett, C. (2018, September 20). Two-Eyed Seeing for knowledge gardening. In M. A. Peters (Ed.), Encyclopedia of educational philosophy and theory. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-532-7_638-1

Marshall, A., Knockwood, C., & Bartlett, C. (2018, May 24). The best of both worlds: Bringing Mi‘kmaw knowledge and Western curriculum together. EdCan Network. https://www.edcan.ca/articles/the-best-of-both-worlds/

Marshall, M., Marshall, A., & Bartlett, C. (2018). Two-Eyed Seeing in medicine. In M. Greenwood, S. de Leeuw, & N. M. Lindsay (Eds.), Determinants of Indigenous peoples‘ health: Beyond the social (2nd ed., pp. 44–53). Canadian Scholars Press.

Martin, D. H. (2009). Food stories: A Labrador Inuit-Metis community speaks about global change [Doctoral dissertation, Dalhousie University]. DalSpace Institutional Repository. https://dalspace.library.dal.ca/bitstream/handle/10222/12354/Martin_Dissertation.pdfsequence=1&isAllowed=y

McKivett, A., Hudson, J. N., McDermott, D., & Paul, D. (2020). Two-Eyed Seeing: A useful gaze in Indigenous medical education research. Medical Education, 54(3), 217–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.14026

Michie, M. (2013). Methodological pluralism and narrative inquiry. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 8(3), 517–520. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-013-9524-5

Rand, J. R. (2016). Inuit women‘s stories of strength: Informing Inuit community- based HIV and STI prevention and sexual health promotion programming. International Journal of Circumpolar Health, 75(1), Article 32135. https://doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v75.32135

Roher, S. I. G., Yu, Z., Martin, D. H., & Benoit, A. C. (2021). How is Etuaptmumk/Two-Eyed Seeing characterized in Indigenous health research? A scoping review. PLOS ONE, 16(7), Article e0254612. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0254612

Samuel Centre for Social Connectedness. (2019, December 19). 2019 Global Symposium - Albert Marshall - Two-Eyed Seeing [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DTJtAdH9_mk

Sivertsen, N., Harrington, A., & Hamiduzzaman, M. (2020). ‘Two-Eyed Seeing‘: The integration of spiritual care in Aboriginal residential aged care in South Australia. Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging, 32(2), 149–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/15528030.2019.1669515

Sylliboy, J. R., Latimer, M., Marshall, A., & MacLeod, E. (2021). Communities take the lead: Exploring Indigenous health research practices through Two-Eyed Seeing & kinship. International Journal of Circumpolar Health, 80(1), Article 1929755. https://doi.org/10.1080/22423982.20 21.1929755

Vukic, A. R. (2014). Mental health of rural Mi‘kmaw youth: Community based participatory research [Doctoral dissertation, Dalhousie University]. DalSpace Institutional Repository. https://dalspace.library.dal.ca/bitstrea m/handle/10222/52457/Vukic-Adele-PhD-NURS-June2014.pdf?sequence=1

Wright, A. L., Gabel, C., Ballantyne, M., Jack, S. M., & Wahoush, O. (2019). Using Two-Eyed Seeing in research with Indigenous people: An integrative review. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 18(January–December). https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406919869695

Downloads

Additional Files

Published

2022-11-22

Issue

Section

Commentary