Employment Status of Canadian University Students’ Association with Ability to Meet the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15273/hpj.v4i3.12106Parole chiave:
student employment, aerobic exercise, job status, logistic regression analysis, student wellness, activity recommendationsAbstract
Introduction: Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines indicate thresholds for individuals to engage in specific amounts of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), resistance training, sedentary time, screen time, and sleep time for overall health benefits. In university students, working a job may be required to offset the cost of attending university or as experience to help with career development. This may be a risk factor for students’ ability to meet activity guidelines. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that having a job impeded students’ ability to adhere to 24-hour movement guidelines. Methods: A nationwide sample of Canadian university students (n = 559, 420 females, 25.3±7.1 years, 343 undergraduates, 367 employed) completed an online survey. Results: Logistic regression models demonstrated that employment status was a negative predictor of adherence to MVPA guidelines (310 met MVPA guidelines, β=-0.41, p=0.04). In a covariate-adjusted model, students who reported having a job were 1.6 times less likely to meet MVPA guidelines (odds ratio = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.45-0.98, p=0.04). However, employment status was not an independent predictor of adherence to resistance training, sedentary time, screen time, or sleep time guidelines (all, p>0.29). Working a job may prevent students from engaging in regular aerobic exercise but is not associated with the frequency of resistance training or time spent sedentary, on screens, or sleeping. Conclusions: These findings underscore that lack of time due to competing demands as a student, including having a job, is a key barrier to MVPA. Health promoting strategies to integrate MVPA into a working student’s busy schedule must be explored.
Riferimenti bibliografici
Alkerwi, A., Schuh, B., Sauvageot, N., Zannad, F., Olivier, A., Guillaume, M., Albert, A., & Larsson, C. A. (2015). Adherence to physical activity recommendations and its associated factors: An interregional population-based study. Journal of Public Health Research, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2015.406
Angrave, D., Charlwood, A., & Wooden, M. (2015). Long working hours and physical activity. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 69(8), 738–744. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2014-205230
Arikawa, A. Y., O’Dougherty, M., Kaufman, B. C., Schmitz, K. H., & Kurzer, M. S. (2012). Attrition and adherence of young women to aerobic exercise: Lessons from the WISER study. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 33(2), 298–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2011.11.017
Arzu, D., Tuzun, E. H., & Eker, L. (2006). Perceived barriers to physical activity in university students. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 5(4), 615–620. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24357957
Australian Government, Department of Health. (2021). Australia’s physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines: Fact sheet: Adults (18–64 years).https://www.health.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/2021/09/physical-activity-and-sedentary-behaviour-guidelines-adults-18-to-64-years-fact-sheet_0.pdf
Brunet, S., & Galarneau, D. (2022, June 6). Profile of Canadian graduates at the bachelor level belonging to a group designated as a visible minority, 2014 to 2017 cohorts. Statistics Canada. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/81-595-m/81-595-m2022003-eng.htm
Bull, F. C., Al-Ansari, S. S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M. P., Cardon, G., Carty, C., Chaput, J.-P., Chastin, S., Chou, R., Dempsey, P. C., DiPietro, L., Ekelund, U., Firth, J., Friedenreich, C. M., Garcia, L., Gichu, M., Jago, R., Katzmarzyk, P. T., … Willumsen, J. F. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(24), 1451–1462. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., III, Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28(2), 193–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
Chaput, J.-P., Dutil, C., Featherstone, R., Ross, R., Giangregorio, L., Saunders, T. J., Janssen, I., Poitras, V. J., Kho, M. E., Ross-White, A., Zankar, S., & Carrier, J. (2020). Sleep timing, sleep consistency, and health in adults: A systematic review. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 45(10 [Suppl. 2]), S232–S247. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2020-0032
Eckstrom, E., Neukam, S., Kalin, L., & Wright, J. (2020). Physical activity and healthy aging. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 36(4), 671–683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2020.06.009
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
Fowles, J. R., O’Brien, M. W., Wojcik, W. R., d’Entremont, L., & Shields, C. A. (2017). A pilot study: Validity and reliability of the CSEP−PATH PASB-Q and a new leisure time physical activity questionnaire to assess physical activity and sedentary behaviours. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 42(6), 677–680. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0412
Galarneau, D., & Gibson, L. (2020, August 25). Trends in student debt of postsecondary graduates in Canada: Results from the National Graduates Survey, 2018. Statistics Canada. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/75-006-x/2020001/article/00005-eng.htm
Gupta, N., Dencker-Larsen, S., Lund Rasmussen, C., McGregor, D., Rasmussen, C. D. N., Thorsen, S. V., Jørgensen, M. B., Chastin, S., & Holtermann, A. (2020). The physical activity paradox revisited: A prospective study on compositional accelerometer data and long-term sickness absence. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17, Article 93. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-00988-7
Hart, T. L., Ainsworth, B. E., & Tudor-Locke, C. (2011). Objective and subjective measures of sedentary behavior and physical activity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(3), 449–456. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181ef5a93
Kalenkoski, C. M., & Pabilonia, S. W. (2012). Time to work or time to play: The effect of student employment on homework, sleep, and screen time. Labour Economics, 19(2), 211–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2011.10.002
Lynch, J., O’Donoghue, G., & Peiris, C. L. (2022). Classroom movement breaks and physically active learning are feasible, reduce sedentary behaviour and fatigue, and may increase focus in university students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13), Article 7775. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137775
Manthei, R. J., & Gilmore, A. (2005). The effect of paid employment on university students’ lives. Education + Training, 47(3), 202–215. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910510592248
O’Brien, M. W., Al-Hinnawi, A., Wu, Y., Petterson, J. L., Shivgulam, M. E., Johns, J. A., Frayne, R. J., & Kimmerly, D. S. (2021). The influence of habitual breaks in sedentary time on cardiovagal baroreflex function. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 46(9), 1143–1146. https://doi.org/10.1139/APNM-2021-0246
Pellerine, L. P., Bray, N. W., Fowles, J. R., Furlano, J. A., Morava, A., Nagpal, T. S., & O’Brien, M. W. (2022). The influence of motivators and barriers to exercise on attaining physical activity and sedentary time guidelines among Canadian undergraduate students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), Article 12225. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912225
Poplaski, S., Kemnitz, R., & Robb, C. A. (2019). Investing in education: Impact of student financial stress on self-reported health. Journal of Student Financial Aid, 48(2), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.55504/0884-9153.1611
Prince, S. A., LeBlanc, A. G., Colley, R. C., & Saunders, T. J. (2017). Measurement of sedentary behaviour in population health surveys: A review and recommendations. PeerJ, 5, Article e4130. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4130
Richardson, M., Evans, C., & Gbadamosi, G. (2014). The work–study nexus: The challenges of balancing full-time business degree study with a part-time job. Research in Post-Compulsory Education, 19(3), 302–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/13596748.2014.920582
Rockwood, K., & Middleton, L. (2007). Physical activity and the maintenance of cognitive function. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 3(2S), S38–S44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2007.01.003
Ross, R., Chaput, J.-P., Giangregorio, L. M., Janssen, I., Saunders, T. J., Kho, M. E., Poitras, V. J., Tomasone, J. R., El-Kotob, R., McLaughlin, E. C., Duggan, M., Carrier, J., Carson, V., Chastin, S. F., Latimer-Cheung, A. E., Chulak-Bozzer, T., Faulkner, G., Flood, S. M., Gazendam, M. K., … Tremblay, M. S. (2020). Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for adults aged 18–64 years and adults aged 65 years or older: An integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 45(10 [Suppl. 2]), S57–S102. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2020-0467
Ross, R., & Tremblay, M. (2020). Introduction to the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for adults aged 18–64 years and adults aged 65 years or older: An integration of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 45(10 [Suppl. 2]), v–xi. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2020-0843
Sattler, M. C., Jaunig, J., Tösch, C., Watson, E. D., Mokkink, L. B., Dietz, P., & van Poppel, M. N. M. (2020). Current evidence of measurement properties of physical activity questionnaires for older adults: An updated systematic review. Sports Medicine, 50(7), 1271–1315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01268-x
Statistics Canada. (2023a, November 22). Postsecondary enrolments, by field of study, registration status, program type, credential type and gender. https://doi.org/10.25318/3710001101-eng
Statistics Canada. (2023b, November 22). Proportion of male and female postsecondary graduates, by field of study and International Standard Classification of Education. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3710013502
Tremblay, M. S., Warburton, D. E. R., Janssen, I., Paterson, D. H., Latimer, A. E., Rhodes, R. E., Kho, M. E., Hicks, A. G., LeBlanc, A. G., Zehr, L., Murumets, K., & Duggan, M. (2011). New Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 36(1), 36–46. https://doi.org/10.1139/H11-009
Warburton, D. E. R., & Bredin, S. S. D. (2016). Reflections on physical activity and health: What should we recommend? Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 32(4), 495–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2016.01.024
Warburton, D. E. R., & Bredin, S. S. D. (2017). Health benefits of physical activity: A systematic review of current systematic reviews. Current Opinion in Cardiology, 32(5), 541–556. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCO.0000000000000437
Weatherson, K. A., Joopally, H., Wunderlich, K., Kwan, M. Y. W., Tomasone, J. R., & Faulkner, G. (2021). Post-secondary students’ adherence to the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults: Results from the first deployment of the Canadian Campus Wellbeing Survey (CCWS). Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada, 41(6), 173–181. https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.41.6.01
Wilmot, E. G., Edwardson, C. L., Achana, F. A., Davies, M. J., Gorely, T., Gray, L. J., Khunti, K., Yates, T., & Biddle, S. J. H. (2012). Sedentary time in adults and the association with diabetes, cardiovascular disease and death: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia, 55(11), 2895–2905. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-012-2677-z
##submission.downloads##
Pubblicato
Fascicolo
Sezione
Licenza
Copyright (c) 2024 Madeline Shivgulam, Liam Pellerine, Nick Bray, Jonathon Fowles, Joyla Furlano, Anisa Morava, Taniya Nagpal, Myles O'Brien
Questo lavoro è fornito con la licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale 4.0 Internazionale.
The journal aims to reduce barriers to publishing and sharing research and inequalities to accessing information.This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The open-access nature of the journal means that there will be no charge for authors or readers to use the journal. The journal has a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial (CCBYNC) attribution which allows the author (and others) to share and distribute their full-text article in other public domains, such as Google Scholar or Research Gate.